Ihe ngosi Johnson maka nch?p?ta onyonyo na nnabata

Nt? ak?k? ihe mere eme: N'?gw?gw? 1950s, John W. Johnson nke U.S. Onyinyo a na-ah? maka ?s? ?z? d? iche iche ka a ch?kwuo ihe osise d? iche iche (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia). Na akwukwo 1958 ya "Nyocha nke usoro onyonyo", Johnson na-ak? ?n? ?z? ?t?nanya (n'usoro ah?r? na ebumnuche) ch?r? maka ?r? d? iche iche (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia) (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia). This became known as Johnson’s Criteria. ? na-agbanwe ihe mmet?ta uche site na ikwe ka nd? injinia kwuo etu a ga-esi h? ebumnuche d? anya, ama ama, ma ? b? mata, ma ? b? ch?p?ta na ?n?d? enyereAmaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia) (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia). Iji njirisi nd? a, emesia ?t?t? ?d? buru ibu emesia mep?tara na ?n?ego ihe mmet?ta uche n'okpuru ?n?d? ar?m?r? d? iche iche (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia) (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia).

Nch?p?ta, nnabata na njirimara (DRI)

Priteria Johnson's na-ak?wa ?z? at? Ihe Nleba Anya:

• Nch?p?ta: Onye na-ah? ihe na-ah? ihe b? na ihe d?. (Na ?kwa a, mmad? nwere ike ?h? naan? "blob" ma ? b? mgbanwe na ebe a.) Johnson ch?p?tara na nch?p?ta ah? ch?r? 1.0 ± 0.25 ah?r? ah?r? gafee ihe mgbaru ?s? (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia).

• Recognition: Onye na-ekiri ya nwere ike ?gwa ?d? ihe zuru oke (d?ka ?m?maat?, ?mata mmad? na ?gb?). Nke a ch?r? nk?wa kar?a - na mb? 4.0 ± 0.8 ah?r? ah?r? (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia).

• Njirimara: Onye na-ah? ihe nwere ike ?ch?p?ta ihe ak?wap?tara (E.G. otu ?z? ?gb? mmiri ma ? b? otu onye). Nke a b? ?r? kachas? sie ike, ch?r? ihe 6.4 ± 1.5 ah?r? ah?r? (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia).

(Johnson ch?p?takwara "usoro" na ~ 1.4 ?z? ab?? (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia), ma mkpar?ta ?ka nke oge a na - elekwas? anya na usoro injin? Dri.)Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia). Na nk?wap?ta ?k? ?k? nke oge a, a na-echekar? ?z? nd? a 1, 3, na 6 cycles maka 50% puru omume nke ?r? ?r? ah? (G?n? b? Dra, g?n?kwa ka ? dabere na ng?k?ta?).

(Free nwoke na-akw?gh? ?gw? na-akw?gh? ?gw? Ibudata 17,246+ nwoke silhouette akara & eserese - Picabay) ?g?g?: Accousm? mmad? - lekwas?r? anya na nlele. Na anya, ihe mgbaru ?s? ah? na-emep?ta nke ?ma silhouette (zuru ezu maka nch?p?ta); D? ka mkpebi (ma ? b? ibu) na-abawanye, ihu na uwe na uwe na-ap?ta, na-eme ka amara ma mechaa njirimara zuru ezu. A na-ekwe ka njiri mara mma nke Johnson na-eme ka ? d? mkpa na usoro nk?wa d? mkpa na ?kwa ? b?la (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia) (G?n? b? Dra, g?n?kwa ka ? dabere na ng?k?ta?).

Johnson's Trainis (Mkpebi Mkpebi)

A na-ach?k?ta njirisi mb? nke Johnson d? ka nd? na-esochi ?n?ego 50% nke ?r? ? b?la (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia):

• Nch?p?ta (?n?n? ihe): ~ 1.0 ah?r? akara (50% puru iche) (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia).

• Ngh?ta (klaas? nke ihe): ~ 4.0 ah?r? ?z? ab?? na ebumnuche (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia).

• Njirimara (ihe ak?wap?tara): ~ 6.4 ah?r? na lekwas?r? anya (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia).

These values assume high target-background contrast and an ideal observer. (Each line pair equals two sensor pixels, so e.g. 1.0 line pair ≈ 2 pixels across the target width (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia)G?n? b? Dra, g?n?kwa ka ? dabere na ng?k?ta?). D?ka ?m?maat?, onye na-eduzi Natal nke na-eme ihe d? ka ihe d? ka nyocha, 3 maka nnabata, na 6 maka njirimara (G?n? b? Dra, g?n?kwa ka ? dabere na ng?k?ta?). (U.S. nd? agha emelitere Inwete Ihe eji eji 0.75, 1.5, 3, na cycles maka nch?p?ta, mara, mata, na-egosip?ta, gosip?ta ?r? nchara n?chara (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru).)

Johnson’s Criteria is often expressed probabilistically: given N Cycles na ebumnuche, enwere ike ?nwe ?r? ? b?la nke na-ar? ?r? ? b?la (? na-ab?kar? sigmoid - d? ka, na 50% na mbido tebul?k). Agbanyegh?, a na-ejikar? ya eme ihe d? ka "iwu nke isi mkp?s? aka" a ch?r? na ?r? ah?.

Ihe ndabere mgbak? na mwep? (mkpebi na nso)

Oseihe nwaanyi Onu ogugu nke juputara O gafee na ebumnuche na-adabere na nha nke ebumnuche, d? nso, ihe omimi, na nha pixel. Maka ntak?r? pinhole d? mfe ma ? b? obere ihe d? mkpa (obere - ak?k? ak?k?), otu na-ah? (Nyochaa usoro ihe eji eche echiche maka ?gb? ala automose):

ebe n b? ?n? ?g?g? nke usoro a, h_o is the target’s characteristic size (m), f b? ogologo lens lekwas?r? anya (otu nkeji d? ka pixel pitch), p b? pixel ah? (anya n'etiti ogige pixel), na R b? ihe a ga-ach?. This formula captures intuitive effects: a larger target (or longer focal length) increases n, ebe pixel ma ? b? ogologo d? ogologo n (Nyochaa usoro ihe eji eche echiche maka ?gb? ala automose). O buru na N A ch?r? Cycles (site na teb?l Johnson) maka otu ?r?, na Nch?p?ta nch?p?ta enwere ike idozi ya dika

Iji maa at?, okpukpu ab?? nke ebumnuche ma ? b? lekwas?r? anya na-ach?p?ta ihe nch?p?ta N (Nyochaa usoro ihe eji eche echiche maka ?gb? ala automose). N'otu aka ah?, ?kw?s?t? pixel pitch (i.e. d? elu mkpebi) okpukpu ab??. A na-ejikar? mpempe igwefoto igwefoto nke ikuku na-ejikar? D / R / M t?kwas?r? anya n'?n?d? d? mma.

Ihe na-emet?ta oke nch?p?ta

Usoro d? mfe d? mfe na-eburu ?d?iche zuru oke na ?n?d? doro anya. In practice, many factors influence detection and recognition range:

• Ogo na iche: Larger (taller or wider) targets are visible at greater distances; similarly, a target with higher infrared contrast (e.g. hotter vs cooler than background) is easier to detect. For thermal cameras, a common assumption is a ∼2°C temperature difference from background for reliable detection. Smaller or low-contrast targets require more cycles (thus closer ranges).

• Ntinye mkpebi & Optics: D? ka egosiri, piksel? kacha mma (pere mpe p) na ogologo oge lekwas?r? anya f m?baa. ?z?kwa, ?r? mmeghar? ah? (MTF) yana ogo anya na-emet?ta etu esi ebughar?. Na okwu Johnson, overf d? mma (elu MTF) d? ka obere usoro maka ?r? enyere (Nyochaa usoro ihe eji eche echiche maka ?gb? ala automose).

• ?n?d? ikuku: A na-ah?kar? ozi na ikuku na-elebanye anya. Mmet?ta mmiri ozuzo, mmiri, ma ? b? uzuzu nwere ike belata oke. Modelsd? d? mfe na-eji iwu biya (f_t = na (- r / l_r)) iji gbasaa nnyefe na-efe efe (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru). ?m?m? ihe na-egosi na ihu igwe na ihu igwe d? ar? nwere ike ?ch?p?ta ihe puru iche, ?b?lagodi na IR (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru). Igwe ikuku na-ar?a ya na-esite na mmiri d? egwu kar?a ?k? a na-ah? anya, mana ihu igwe na-ad?gh? mma ka na-ad?kar? mkp?mkp?Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru) (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru).

• Ndagwurugwu: Ihe d? elu - Clutster ndabere na-eme nch?p?ta siri ike. Nnwale na-egosi na 'obere ihe mgbochi' ihe nkiri Johnson nwere ike ?d? obere ~ 0,5 cutter maka nyocha 2.5 nwere ike ?d? mkpa maka nch?p?ta 50% (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru). Na omume, ogige siri ike ma ? b? nke a na-ach?kar? na-ach?kar? ?d?iche ma ? b? mkpebi d? mma kar?a Johnson.

• Mgbaàmà - Nd? na-ach?p?ta ihe nwere mkp?t? (netd) na oke oke ike. Mbinye aka na-ad?gh? ike ma ? b? ?da ihe mmet?ta d? elu na-ewulite usoro ach?r?. Studies emphasize that low SNR acts like blur: it degrades image quality and reduces effective range (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru).

Ihe nd? a p?tara na ihe nd? a p?tara na Johnson's Critia nyere ikike d? mma. Ng?k?ta ? b?la d? irè ga-ag?nye na mbughar? ikuku, mkp?t? senter, wdg. In general, a realistic range equation multiplies the simple formula by a visibility or transmission term to account for atmosphere.

Ihe at?

Iji usoro a d? n'elu, mmad? nwere ike ?k? d / r / m ranges maka igwefoto enyere na iche. ?m?maat?:

• Ihe Nlereanya: Onye 2m d? ogologo (h_o = 2m) igwefoto na-eme f = 50mm na pixel p = 20μm (= 0.02mm). Iji Johnson's 1 - Ozo uzo ohuru maka nch?ta,

  $$R _ \ RM DR} = \ FRAC {2 \, \ Text {MM \, \ Text {MMS ORT 1 \ \ \ \ \.$$

  For recognition (≈3 cycles) and identification (≈6 cycles), the ranges become ≈833?m and ≈417?m respectively (since $R\propto1/N$).

• Ihe at? nke onye na-emeputa: Ndep?ta ngwa Leonardo DS na-enye mmad? iche echiche (ihe d? oke mkpa ~ 0.95m) na igwefoto na igwefoto na elekere 17.75MM lekwas?r? anya. N'ihi na 3 - Moto na-etolite, ha na-agbak?ta ihe nch?p?ta 50% nke ihe d? ka 157m. (Ya na otu ?n? ?g?g? ah?, usoro any? na-enye ihe ruru $ r d? ka (0.95 \ oge 16.75) \ oge ihe nlereanya ha.)

• Ebumnuche: N'?n?d? d? mma (ezigbo ?d?iche, ikuku d? mma), ?ch?ch? Johnson - nke - isi mkp?s? aka na-ebu am?ma nch?p?ta mmad? ka ? b?r? ihe d? ka kilomita ole na ole. Iji maa at?, otu isi na-ak?wa nch?p?ta, ~ 667M nnabata, na ~ 333m njirimara maka otu 1.8m (G?n? b? Dra, g?n?kwa ka ? dabere na ng?k?ta?).

Ihe at? nd? a na-egosi etu esi eji Johnson's akara Johnson nwere ike itinye ya n'?r? d? mfe. A na-ebelata ezigbo ?r? na omume na-ad?kar? ala n'ihi ihe nd? a e kwuru okwu ha.

Ngwa

A na-eji njiri mara Johnson na-ejikar? ya na ?chep?ta Usoro echere gafere ?t?t? ubi:

• Agha na nchebe: Ihe mmet?ta uche maka abal? - Scopes ?h??, ebe nleghar? anya, na-emep?takar? d / r / m ranges dabere na akara Johnson (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia). Inweta na nnabata (enyi vs foe) dabere na at?mat? nd? a. ?t?t? akw?kw? ntuziaka na akw?kw? na-eweta ihe na-ekwup?ta 1 - 6 Aj?j? - nke - isi mkp?s? aka maka ngwa agha - awara maka ngwa agha -

• Ch?? na Ntanet? / Nchebe: Akara ma ? b? igwefoto a na-ah? maka ikuku na-eji ach?ta nd? furu efu, ma ? b? nyochaa perimeters, na-ejikwa ihe nd? DIRI. D?ka ?m?maat?, nd? otu nnap?ta nwere ike ?ch? igwefoto nwere ike itu ntu mmad? na 1km na mara na 400m. Ihe ngosi Johnson na-enye nt?ala maka nk?wa nd? d? otú ah?.

• Nch?p?ta na mmanye iwu: Nche nche nke oke, na usoro nch?p?ta intrusion na-eji usoro nd? a kwuo etu ihe mmet?ta uche nwere ike ?t?t?r? mmad? ma ? b? ?gb?ala n'abal?. (?f?d? ?k?l?t? mezuru ?r? Johnson ?r?; E.G. na-eji D, r, m na-ama ?kwa na ihe ? ch?r?.)

N'okwu nke ? b?la, njiri mara Johnson na-enyere aka s?ghar?a ihe mmet?ta senters (mkpebi, optics, ogo pixel) n'ime ar?m?r? mentrive (nso iji ch?p?ta ma ? b? ch?p?ta ihe d? iche iche).

Ike na mmeghar? ?gbara ?h?r?

N'agbanyegh? uru ? bara, akara Johnson nwere ihe d? mkpa nti. ? b? ihe ?t?nanya, mara mma n'?z? na-adabara ?t?t? nd? ad?gboroja - Worldwap?ta World:

• ?n?d? d? mfe: ? na - echep?ta ?d? nke a na - eme, nke nwere ike iche iche, na nke ?ma - onye na - ekiri ya. ? nagh? akw? ?gw? maka mkpofu ma ? b? camnotu. Na omume, lekwas?r? anya megide ndabere d? mgbagwoju anya nwere ike ?ch? ?z? mkpebi kar?a ?kp?r? ebube John (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru).

• Na-eleghara nsonaaz? gburugburu ebe obibi: Ihe njiri mara nke mb? anagh? ag?nye ihu igwe ma ? b? ikuku ikuku. Nnyocha na-ekwusi ike na nke ah? enwegh? ?d? d? mfe Igwe mmiri na-ejide mmiri zuru oke, mmiri, na mmet?ta anw?r? ?k? (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru) (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru). Usoro nke oge a na-eme ?t?t? oge site na usoro nnyefe ikuku ma ? b? jiri ?d? vistitical.

• Ihe ndi mmadu: ?r? Johnson jiri nd? na-ah? e ji otu ah? z?? nd? a na-ach?kwa; ? na-eleghara ?d?iche d? na ?z?z?, nlebara anya, ike ?gw?gw?, wdg nwere ike ?b? ?d?iche d? n'etiti nd? mmad? n'otu n'otu na nch?p?ta ihe gbasara ihe gbasara ihe gbasara ihe gbasara ihe gbasaraAk?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru).

• Ngwunye na nhazi: Ihe nlereanya ah? na-emeso ihe onyonyo d? ka ? b? naan? geometry (piksel? na optics). ? nagh? etinye ihe mmet?ta mkp?t? (netd), d? egwu, ma ? b? nkwalite nhazi nhazi. ? b?la n'ime mmiri na-abawanye ma ? b? video algorithms nwere ike ime ka mma mkpebi d? mma, nke p?tara ezigbo igwefoto na-emekar? ihe mgbochi Johnson na-enwekar? ike.

• Ihe puru omume: A na-ak?wa usoro a maka ~ 50% puru omume. Ha anagh? ak?wa etu ar?m?r? na mkpebi nd? ?z? na-aga n'ihu na mbido, ha na-ejide ?gha - mkpu ?n?.

N'ihi na oghere nd? a, ?d? ar?m?r? ?gbara ?h?r? gbat?r?la nso. D?ka ?m?maat?, U.S. nd? agha Inwete usoro na-eme ka usoro ihe at? (0.75 na-ach?p?ta maka nch?p?ta, wdg) dabere na nnwale kachas? elu (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru). ?t?t? ngwa?r? na-ejik? MTF ugbu a MTF, SNR na Monis Modd? Ether. F?d? na-ag?nye biya - lambert J - ihe nkiri/T - zutere ?d? (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru))) ma ? b? nnukwu ihe. Nd? ?z? na-an?chi ?n? ?z? nch?p?ta ?n? ?g?g? (E.G. Iji nnata na-ar? ?r? na-ar? ?r?. Ka o sina d?, njirisi Johnson b? ihe ndabere na mb? mb? - Nyere iwu ka echiche g? d? elu.

Na nch?k?ta, Njiri mara Johnson na-ejik? anya ngosiputa mkpebi nke ihe mmet?ta d? mma nke ?h? ihe mgbaru ?s?. Site n'ikwup?ta nch?p?ta, nnabata na njirimara nke "ah?r? ?z? kw? ?t? na ebumnuche," ? na-enye nd? injinia ka ha na-agbak? ?r? ? b?la nwere ike ?r? ?r? ? b?la n'?n?d? d? mma (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia) (Nyochaa usoro ihe eji eche echiche maka ?gb? ala automose). ? b? ezie na mmad? ga-akw? ?gw? maka Real - Ihe At?mat? Worldwa na nk?wap?ta ? b?la, njirisi ? b?la na-eme ka ?t?t? nk?wap?ta igwefoto igwefoto na at?mat? ar?m?r? taa (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia) (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru).

Isi mmalite: Nk?wap?ta na ?kp?r? b? ?r? nke mb? site na ?r? Johnson (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia) na nch?k?ta na akw?kw? (Amaokwu Johnson - Wokipedia) (G?n? b? Dra, g?n?kwa ka ? dabere na ng?k?ta?). Nch?k?ta nch?p?ta na-agbaso g? d? g?r?g?r? - Lens hiwere na nyocha (Nyochaa usoro ihe eji eche echiche maka ?gb? ala automose). A na-ede akw?kw? gburugburu ebe obibiAk?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru) (Ak?k? ihe mere eme na mmalite nke Johnson kwuru). Ihe at? bara uru na echiche nd? na-esite na nd? nr?p?ta na ak?k? tekn?z? (G?n? b? Dra, g?n?kwa ka ? dabere na ng?k?ta?).